What is PCOS?

What is PCOS?

Despite what the name suggests, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome isn’t just about ovaries—or cysts, for that matter. In fact, many people diagnosed with PCOS don’t have any ovarian cysts at all. Confusing? You’re not alone. The name dates back to how the condition was first described, but science has come a long way since then. Today, we understand that PCOS is really a complex hormonal and metabolic condition that affects far more than reproductive health.

At its core, PCOS is about hormonal imbalance. When key hormones like insulin, androgens (like testosterone), and others are out of sync, they can create a domino effect throughout the body. This hormonal miscommunication can lead to irregular periods, acne, weight changes, hair loss or excess hair growth, difficulty with ovulation or fertility—and that’s just the shortlist. But here’s the thing: PCOS doesn’t follow a single pattern. Some women experience textbook symptoms. Others don’t fit the mold at all. That’s part of what makes PCOS so challenging—and why understanding your unique experience matters.

So, how can the PCOS Association help?

We’re here to offer more than definitions. We’re here to offer direction. Whether you’re newly diagnosed, still searching for answers, or years into your journey and feeling stuck, we’re committed to helping you make sense of PCOS—and make progress.

Here’s what you’ll find at PCOSA:

  • Reliable, science-backed information about what PCOS is (and isn’t)

  • 💬 Supportive communities of people who understand exactly what you’re going through

  • 🧬 Resources for navigating fertility, metabolic health, nutrition, and more

  • 🧠 Education for providers who want to better support their PCOS patients

  • 🙋‍♀️ Advocacy to make sure PCOS is recognized, researched, and respected

No fluff. No fad cures. Just real support, grounded in evidence and compassion.

At PCOSA, we believe every person with PCOS deserves to be informed, empowered, and heard. Wherever you are in your journey, we’re honored to walk with you.

pcos

pcos: Latest results from PubMed

Pachymic acid ameliorates polycystic ovary syndrome via inactivating Akt/ERK signaling

CONCLUSION: PA protects against PCOS and attenuates cell apoptosis by inactivating Akt and ERK signaling.

Published on: Fri, 16 May 2025 06:00:00 -0400

Authors: Dongmei Ji, Chunhua Zhang, Fang Fang, Yuanyuan Yi,

The impact of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites on reproductive hormone levels and follicle count in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a case-control study

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, potentially influenced by environmental factors like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Limited data exist on how PAH exposure affects reproductive health and its association with PCOS. This study investigates the association between urinary PAH metabolites, reproductive hormone levels, and antral follicle count (AFC) in PCOS patients. This case-control study involved 63 PCOS patients and 91...

Published on: Fri, 16 May 2025 06:00:00 -0400

Authors: Xiaofan Huang, Jiaxue Chen, Yalu Yu, Xinye Zhou, Yu Huang, Zirong Chen, Mengqing Wu, Yangsi Zheng, Xijin Xu, Xiangbin Zheng,

Vitamin D Levels and Their Association With Periodontitis in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Cross-sectional Study

Background and aim Remarkable evidence supports the hypothesis that vitamin D influences and prevents the sequelae of periodontal disease. Its deficiency has also been found among patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and it could be attributed to the polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene. Hence, the goal of this study is to assess the periodontal health of PCOS participants and investigate the serum vitamin D levels in patients with PCOS and periodontitis. Methods and...

Published on: Fri, 16 May 2025 06:00:00 -0400

Authors: Durga Sahithi, Sreenivas Nagarakanti, Sravya Sri Prudhvi, Sumanth Gunupati, Sukrutha Biradavolu, Bhagyasri Chiruvella, Rishitha G, Tejasri Gudur, Charitha Neravati,

Blood biochemical landscape and new insights into clinical decision-making for polycystic ovary syndrome in Chinese women: a prospective cohort study

INTRODUCTION: The Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a prevalent endocrine disorder affecting women's reproductive and metabolic health, faces diagnostic challenges due to heterogeneous clinical presentations and the absence of reliable biomarkers. This study investigates the role of Glucosaminyl (N-acetyl) transferase 2 (GCNT2) in modulating sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and its potential as a therapeutic target in PCOS pathophysiology.

Published on: Fri, 16 May 2025 06:00:00 -0400

Authors: Yutong Li, Xiufeng Lin, Ke Zou, Jing Du, Qingni Li, Linkun Zhong, Shan Jiang,

Exploring the key ingredients and mechanisms of Banxia Xiexin decoction for the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome based on network pharmacology and experimental validation

CONCLUSIONS: Five oxidative stress-related hub targets of BXD for PCOS were identified, including FOS, JUN, MAPK3, TP53 and HSP90AA1, while three key ingredients of BXD, quercetin, glycyrrhetinic acid A and naringenin, were uncovered.

Published on: Fri, 16 May 2025 06:00:00 -0400

Authors: Bai Hai, Yingying Zhang, Jing Huang, Richard Mprah, Mingming Wang,

GnRH-a use before programmed frozen embryo transfer cycles for women with PCOS: a retrospective cohort study

CONCLUSIONS: GnRH-a pretreatment before programmed cycles may not affect pregnancy or perinatal outcomes of general women with PCOS in FET cycles but may be beneficial for PCOS patients who did not achieve a live birth during the first cycle receiving a programmed protocol. The conclusion should be considered with caution. Further well-designed studies are required to validate our findings.

Published on: Thu, 15 May 2025 06:00:00 -0400

Authors: Luyang Zha, Jingzhi Yang, Fei Li, Bo Huang, Yaxin Guo, Lei Jin,

Association of physical activity and nutrition-related knowledge, attitudes and practices with obesity indices in college-aged females with polycystic ovary syndrome in Shiraz, Iran: a cross-sectional study

CONCLUSION: Nutrition and physical activity knowledge were not correlated with practices, while attitude was positively correlated with practices. VO2max demonstrated a stronger association with obesity indices compared with physical activity practices, although further research is warranted to confirm these findings.

Published on: Thu, 15 May 2025 06:00:00 -0400

Authors: Reyhaneh Heidari, Fereshteh Eftekhari, Maryam Koushkie Jahromi,

Exploration of Herbal Medicinal Plants and Formulations Available for the Treatment of PCOS: A review

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous endocrine disorder with the underlying consequence of ovarian cysts, anovulation, and endocrine variation affecting women. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) estimation over 116 million women (3.4%) are affected by PCOS worldwide. It is typified by polycystic ovaries, hyperandrogenism, and ovulatory dysfunction. Pharmacological interventions that treat symptoms but may have fewer side effects are frequently used in conventional...

Published on: Thu, 15 May 2025 06:00:00 -0400

Authors: Arjoo Babhare, Deweshri Nandurkar, Kishor Danao, Amol Warokar, Ujwala Mahajan,

Impact of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome on intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes in poly-cystic ovarian syndrome women: A cross-sectional study

CONCLUSION: OHSS does not affect the embryo quality or pregnancy rate in PCOS women.

Published on: Thu, 15 May 2025 06:00:00 -0400

Authors: Mufeda Ali Jwad, Maryam Hussein Khaleefah, Ramih Abd AlFattah Naser,

Gliadin Encapsulated Procyanidolic Oligomers Nanoformulation: Aggrandized Antimicrobial, Antioxidant as Well as Anticancer Potential Makes it an Effective Therapeutic Modality for Lung Carcinoma

Lung cancer is responsible for highest mortality rates among both men and women globally. There is a need of effective and safe treatment modality that specifically targets cancer cells and doesn't not harm healthy cells. Procyanidolic oligomers (PCOs) is a natural antioxidant found in grape seed, acts as medicament for the treatment of various disease which are linked with oxidative stress specifically cancer. The aim of the current study was to synthesize highly stable gliadin encapsulated...

Published on: Thu, 15 May 2025 06:00:00 -0400

Authors: Sant Lal, Monika Kataria, Ruma Rani, Neeraj Dilbaghi,

Effects of melatonin in polycystic ovary syndrome: is there Hippo pathway crosstalk?

OBJECTIVE: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder among reproductive women, characterized by hyperandrogenism, oligo-ovulation and polycystic ovarian morphology. Incorporating complementary medicine alongside traditional lifestyle therapies for PCOS may offer additional benefits for affected women. Melatonin (MT), a hormone secreted by the pineal gland, has emerged as a potential treatment for regulating ovarian function in PCOS. However, the specific effects and...

Published on: Wed, 14 May 2025 06:00:00 -0400

Authors: Lijun Wang, Yuanyuan Jin, Yuanyuan Zhi, Zhenzhen Li, Meili Wang, Boda Wang, Xinbo Wang,

The global burden of polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, cervical cancer, uterine cancer, and ovarian cancer from 1990 to 2021

CONCLUSION: The global burden of these six gynecological conditions poses a significant public health challenge. There is an urgent need for international collaboration to advance the development of age and regionally differentiated management strategies for gynecological diseases, including the development of effective diagnostic screening tools and the implementation of high-quality, targeted prevention and treatment strategies.

Published on: Wed, 14 May 2025 06:00:00 -0400

Authors: Wei-Zhen Tang, Qin-Yu Cai, Kang-Jin Huang, Wei-Ze Xu, Jia-Zheng Li, Yun-Ren Pan, Hong-Yu Xu, Yi-Fan Zhao, Ting-He Sheng, Zhi-Mou Li, Tai-Hang Liu, Ying-Bo Li,

Automated high precision PCOS detection through a segment anything model on super resolution ultrasound ovary images

PCOS (Poly-Cystic Ovary Syndrome) is a multifaceted disorder that often affects the ovarian morphology of women of their reproductive age, resulting in the development of numerous cysts on the ovaries. Ultrasound imaging typically diagnoses PCOS, which helps clinicians assess the size, shape, and existence of cysts in the ovaries. Nevertheless, manual ultrasound image analysis is often challenging and time-consuming, resulting in inter-observer variability. To effectively treat PCOS and prevent...

Published on: Wed, 14 May 2025 06:00:00 -0400

Authors: S Reka, T Suriya Praba, Mukesh Prasanna, Vanipenta Naga Nithin Reddy, Rengarajan Amirtharajan,

Improved uterine conditions following ovarian transplantation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell conditioned media in rats with letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome: Histomorphometrical, biochemical, and molecular analysis

Regenerative medicine is a new hope for the treatment of diseases such as polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Due to the beneficial effects of adipose stem cell-derived conditioned media transplantation (ASC-CM) on polycystic ovary phenotypes and also considering the relationship between uterine function and ovarian hormone level, this study, for the first time, evaluates the transplantation of ASC-CM in compared to ASC on the altered state of the uterus, estrogen level as well as its receptors...

Published on: Wed, 14 May 2025 06:00:00 -0400

Authors: Reyhane Naghibzade, Golnaz Shafiei, Seyed Noureddin Nematollahi-Mahani, Somayeh Solhjoo, Tahereh Haghpanah,

Unveiling Therapeutic Potential of Yoga Mitigating Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in PCOS: A Randomized Controlled Trial

CONCLUSION: Yoga positively affects hormonal balance, mitochondrial health, OS, and inflammation in women with PCOS. It also alleviates depression symptoms, highlighting yoga as an effective adjunct therapy for managing PCOS. Regular yoga practice could prevent, delay, and help in managing PCOS symptoms.

Published on: Wed, 14 May 2025 06:00:00 -0400

Authors: Deepika Kumari, Manoj Kumar, Ashish Datt Upadhyay, Neena Malhotra, Reeta Mahey, Vatsala Dadhwal, Tushar Sehgal, Richa Mishra, Rima Dada,