What is PCOS?

What is PCOS?

Despite what the name suggests, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome isn’t just about ovaries—or cysts, for that matter. In fact, many people diagnosed with PCOS don’t have any ovarian cysts at all. Confusing? You’re not alone. The name dates back to how the condition was first described, but science has come a long way since then. Today, we understand that PCOS is really a complex hormonal and metabolic condition that affects far more than reproductive health.

At its core, PCOS is about hormonal imbalance. When key hormones like insulin, androgens (like testosterone), and others are out of sync, they can create a domino effect throughout the body. This hormonal miscommunication can lead to irregular periods, acne, weight changes, hair loss or excess hair growth, difficulty with ovulation or fertility—and that’s just the shortlist. But here’s the thing: PCOS doesn’t follow a single pattern. Some women experience textbook symptoms. Others don’t fit the mold at all. That’s part of what makes PCOS so challenging—and why understanding your unique experience matters.

So, how can the PCOS Association help?

We’re here to offer more than definitions. We’re here to offer direction. Whether you’re newly diagnosed, still searching for answers, or years into your journey and feeling stuck, we’re committed to helping you make sense of PCOS—and make progress.

Here’s what you’ll find at PCOSA:

  • Reliable, science-backed information about what PCOS is (and isn’t)

  • 💬 Supportive communities of people who understand exactly what you’re going through

  • 🧬 Resources for navigating fertility, metabolic health, nutrition, and more

  • 🧠 Education for providers who want to better support their PCOS patients

  • 🙋‍♀️ Advocacy to make sure PCOS is recognized, researched, and respected

No fluff. No fad cures. Just real support, grounded in evidence and compassion.

At PCOSA, we believe every person with PCOS deserves to be informed, empowered, and heard. Wherever you are in your journey, we’re honored to walk with you.

pcos

pcos: Latest results from PubMed

Formulation principles and mechanisms of TCM patent prescriptions for PCOS: A data mining study from CNIPA

The study applied data mining and network pharmacology to investigate the formulation principles and potential mechanisms of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) patent prescriptions for treating polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in China, offering insights for effective clinical application and providing the foothold for further drug research and development. All TCM patent prescriptions targeting PCOS were extracted from the China National Intellectual Property Administration website. Data...

Published on: Tue, 30 Dec 2025 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Na Shi, Shuhua Ji, Yan Zhang, Huiling Qu, Jinwei Hou, Longhuan Jiang, Haiping Liu,

Comparison of Serum and Cervical Mucus Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Levels in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Healthy Controls

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent proinflammatory condition. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), an omega-3 fatty acid obtained through the diet, is known for its anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to compare DHA concentrations in serum and cervical mucus between women with PCOS and healthy controls. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study included 42 women with PCOS and 42 healthy controls aged 18-40 years. Anthropometric measurements, fasting metabolic and...

Published on: Tue, 30 Dec 2025 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Cigdem Can Bayrak, Bulent Yilmaz, Mehmet Kagitci, Onur Ince, Sibel Mataraci Karakas, Adnan Yilmaz,

Intraovarian Platelet-Rich Plasma Therapy for PCOS: Unanswered Questions and Future Research Directions

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)-related infertility remains a major challenge and the efficacy of conventional treatments is limited in certain patient groups and often fails to address the underlying causes of ovarian dysfunction. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is rich in growth factors and cytokines and has emerged as a potential regenerative therapy for women with a diminished ovarian reserve. Methods: A literature search for studies pertaining to intraovarian PRP administration and...

Published on: Tue, 30 Dec 2025 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Zaher Merhi,

Exploring the Disease Experience in Women with PCOS: A Qualitative Content Analysis

Purpose: This study explored the lived experiences of Korean women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and examined how cultural expectations surrounding femininity and reproductive roles shaped their illness experiences. Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with fifteen women diagnosed with PCOS at a women's hospital in South Korea. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Eight themes emerged: (1) A Disease That Doesn't Feel Like a Disease: Ambiguity and...

Published on: Tue, 30 Dec 2025 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Miok Kim, Su Jeong Yi,

Exercise Snacks as a Strategy to Interrupt Sedentary Behavior: A Systematic Review of Health Outcomes and Feasibility

Background/Objectives: This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of "exercise snacks," brief, intermittent bouts of physical activity designed to interrupt prolonged sedentary behavior. The review synthesized findings across metabolic, cardiovascular, cognitive, and functional health domains to identify consistent patterns of benefit and determine their practical applicability across populations. Methods: A total of 26 studies met inclusion criteria, encompassing...

Published on: Tue, 30 Dec 2025 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Dan Iulian Alexe, Sohom Saha, Prashant Kumar Choudhary, Cristina Ioana Alexe, Suchishrava Choudhary, Dragoș Ioan Tohănean,

From Gynecological Endocrine Disorders to Cardiovascular Risk: Insights from Rat Models

Gynecological endocrine disorders, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis as well as primary ovarian insufficiency (POI)/premature ovarian failure (POF), significantly impact women's reproductive health and overall well-being. While these conditions are primarily driven by disturbances of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, yet growing evidence indicates that oxidative stress plays a crucial role in their development and progression. The combined impact of hormonal...

Published on: Tue, 30 Dec 2025 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Csanád Endre Lőrincz, Zoltán Virág, András Nagy, Viktória Kiss, Ákos Tóbiás, Denise Börzsei, Csaba Varga, Renáta Szabó,

Multivariate Profiles of Female Sexual Function: A Cluster Analysis of FSFI Domains in Women with and Without PCOS

Background/Objectives: Female sexual dysfunction (FSD) is common in PCOS, yet mean group comparisons can mask variability at the individual level. We aimed to identify and characterize person-centered profiles of sexual function from the six FSFI (Female Sexual Function Index) domains, and secondarily to describe the distribution of PCOS across profiles. Methods: In an age- and anthropometry-matched case-control sample, unsupervised clustering on FSFI domains was performed; clinical and...

Published on: Tue, 30 Dec 2025 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Andrei Daescu, Ana-Maria Cristina Daescu, Liana Dehelean, Dan-Bogdan Navolan, Alexandru-Ioan Gaitoane, Dana Stoian,

Long-Term Follow-Up and Risk of PCOS in Indiana Girls with a History of Premature Adrenarche-A Single Center Experience

Background/Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate rates of self-reported Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), metabolic abnormalities and age of menarche in girls with a history of Premature Adrenarche (PA) and the association of baseline characteristics with these outcomes. Methods: A retrospective chart review of girls with PA seen between 2005 and 2015 was conducted. Eligible patients (or their mothers in girls <18 years of age) were surveyed by telephone to query whether they had...

Published on: Tue, 30 Dec 2025 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Rita Saroufim, Tari Kurman, Erica A Eugster,

Upregulation of PLAU in granulosa cells disrupts steroid hormone synthesis and promotes apoptosis by activating NF-kappaB signaling pathway in PCOS

No abstract

Published on: Tue, 30 Dec 2025 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Wenxiu Chen, Hanzhi Zhang, Mingxin Jiang, Xing Su, Jingfei Chen, Jianlin Chen,

The role of combined Metformin and pharmaceutical molecules with anti-androgenic properties in the therapy of PCOS in adult women

No abstract

Published on: Mon, 29 Dec 2025 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Athanasios Antoniou-Tsigkos, Georgios Karras, Maria Papagianni, Panagiotis Christopoulos, Nikolaos F Vlahos, George Mastorakos,

Association between childhood obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study

CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that an elevated prevalence of childhood obesity could be associated with an increased risk of PCOS. The prevention of PCOS should be promoted in childhood populations with high obesity. Additional investigation is necessary to confirm these discoveries and explore the underlying biological processes.

Published on: Mon, 29 Dec 2025 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Shiyang Wei, Yafeng Wang, Niping Liu, Renfeng Zhao,

Methodological considerations for FSHR variant interpretation in PCOS

No abstract

Published on: Mon, 29 Dec 2025 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Aamir Mahmood, Qingling Yang, Yingpu Sun,

Trend analysis of the burden of PCOS and related infertility in China and worldwide between 1990 and 2021

CONCLUSION: From 1990 to 2021, the burden of PCOS and infertility attributable to PCOS continued to rise in China and globally, making PCOS a major public health problem. Raising public awareness of this common disease in order to reduce complications has become a public health priority that needs attention.

Published on: Sun, 28 Dec 2025 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Qianqian Liang,

Myo-inositol in reproductive management of women with PCOS: holy grail for medical practice or demon for scientific evidence?

Myo-inositol has gained widespread use in the management of infertility associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), driven by its proposed role in improving insulin sensitivity and ovarian function. Despite its popularity in clinical practice, the evidence supporting myo-inositol's efficacy in enhancing fertility outcomes remains limited and inconclusive. Current international and national guidelines do not endorse myo-inositol as a first-line treatment for PCOS-related infertility, either...

Published on: Sun, 28 Dec 2025 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Stefano Palomba, Giuseppe Seminara, Antonio Aversa,

Conditioned media and extracellular vesicles derived from human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells improve the in vitro maturation of immature oocytes in normal and PCOS mouse model

CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that hWJMSC-derived secretomes, particularly CM, enhance oocyte maturation and quality, offering potential therapeutic benefits for IVM in both normal and PCOS conditions.

Published on: Sat, 27 Dec 2025 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Arezoo Solati, Sanaz Alaee, Fatemeh Zal, Zahra Khodabandeh, Mahintaj Dara, Shayesteh Mehdinejadiani, Sedigheh Bahmyari,