What is PCOS?

What is PCOS?

Despite what the name suggests, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome isn’t just about ovaries—or cysts, for that matter. In fact, many people diagnosed with PCOS don’t have any ovarian cysts at all. Confusing? You’re not alone. The name dates back to how the condition was first described, but science has come a long way since then. Today, we understand that PCOS is really a complex hormonal and metabolic condition that affects far more than reproductive health.

At its core, PCOS is about hormonal imbalance. When key hormones like insulin, androgens (like testosterone), and others are out of sync, they can create a domino effect throughout the body. This hormonal miscommunication can lead to irregular periods, acne, weight changes, hair loss or excess hair growth, difficulty with ovulation or fertility—and that’s just the shortlist. But here’s the thing: PCOS doesn’t follow a single pattern. Some women experience textbook symptoms. Others don’t fit the mold at all. That’s part of what makes PCOS so challenging—and why understanding your unique experience matters.

So, how can the PCOS Association help?

We’re here to offer more than definitions. We’re here to offer direction. Whether you’re newly diagnosed, still searching for answers, or years into your journey and feeling stuck, we’re committed to helping you make sense of PCOS—and make progress.

Here’s what you’ll find at PCOSA:

  • Reliable, science-backed information about what PCOS is (and isn’t)

  • 💬 Supportive communities of people who understand exactly what you’re going through

  • 🧬 Resources for navigating fertility, metabolic health, nutrition, and more

  • 🧠 Education for providers who want to better support their PCOS patients

  • 🙋‍♀️ Advocacy to make sure PCOS is recognized, researched, and respected

No fluff. No fad cures. Just real support, grounded in evidence and compassion.

At PCOSA, we believe every person with PCOS deserves to be informed, empowered, and heard. Wherever you are in your journey, we’re honored to walk with you.

pcos

pcos: Latest results from PubMed

Luteolin alleviates PCOS by inhibiting AR/STAT3/NLRP3-mediated granulosa cell pyroptosis

CONCLUSION: Luteolin inhibits androgen-induced granulosa cell pyroptosis by targeting the AR/STAT3/NLRP3 signaling pathway. These findings provide a robust mechanistic basis for luteolin's therapeutic potential in PCOS, supporting its development as a targeted therapy for this and other inflammatory reproductive disorders.

Published on: Sat, 24 Jan 2026 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Xiaoling Ouyang, Hong Tang, Yuting Yang, Xiaobai Hao, Xiaomei Jiang, Qi Zhou, Linxia Li,

Comprehensive analysis of proteomics and lactylation proteomics in ovarian granulosa cells of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome

CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a comprehensive quantitative overview of proteomic and lactylation-modified proteomic expression profiles in granulosa cells from patients with PCOS, offering novel insights into PCOS research. Further research is needed to clarify the specific roles of protein lactylation in PCOS pathogenesis.

Published on: Sat, 24 Jan 2026 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Li Liu, Qian Gao, Jingyu Huang, Yu Qian, Kailu Liu, Yun Tong, Yaqiong Zeng, Yueyi Li, Yunteng Liang, Yanli Hong, Huifang Zhou, Xiaowei Nie,

Role of reactive oxygen species in polycystic ovary syndrome: signalling pathways, mechanisms, and traditional Chinese medicine treatment strategies

The biological role reactive oxygen species (ROS), both as byproduct of cellular respiration and as crucial secondary messengers, has been extensively acknowledged in scientific literature. Key ROS-generating enzymes and organelles, including mitochondria, NADPH oxidase, and the endoplasmic reticulum, have been found closely linked to the regulation of metabolic processes. An imbalance between oxidative and antioxidant systems, resulting from abnormal ROS production and leading to oxidative...

Published on: Sat, 24 Jan 2026 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Ziyi Wang, Shuyuan Liu, Mengyao Gao, Ying Shen, Miao Sun, Songli Hao,

Bu-Shen-Tian-Jing Formula alleviates oxidative-inflammatory stress in granulosa cells of polycystic ovary syndrome through AGEs-RAGE/NOX4/NF-κB pathway

CONCLUSION: Our study indicated that BSTJF could ameliorate oxidative-inflammatory stress in ovarian GCs of PCOS through AGEs-RAGE/NOX4/NF-κB pathway.

Published on: Sat, 24 Jan 2026 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Qing Zhang, Jun Ren, Jiayu Ye, Fan Chen, Fuying Xiang, Biwei Shi, Zhishan Zhou, Jinhong Zhou, Fangfang Wang, Fan Qu,

Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and associated factors among women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) attending an infertility center in Nepal: a cross-sectional study

No abstract

Published on: Sat, 24 Jan 2026 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Nirmal Raj Marasine, Ambika Aryal, Salma Mahat, Shreejana Gc, Supriya Singh Thakuri, Nabin Pathak, Shishir Paudel, Sabina Sankhi,

Status of a lipid accumulation product, triglycerides/ glucose index and visceral adiposity index on cardiometabolic risk factors in young polycystic ovary syndrome patients

CONCLUSION: PCOS patients have increased values of TyG-index, LAP, and VAI. TyG index, LAP, and VAI may indicate an increased risk of CVD and hyperandrogenism in PCOS patients.

Published on: Fri, 23 Jan 2026 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Gaye Arslan, Gökçenur Karakelleoğlu, Cihan Karadağ,

Integrative Nutrigenomics Approach in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: Targeting Gene-Diet Interactions for Personalized Nutraceutical Interventions

Women of reproductive age who suffer from polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), a common and complex endocrine-metabolic illness, are characterized by hyperandrogenism, anovulation, insulin resistance, and persistent inflammation. Its multifaceted etiology includes psychological, environmental, genetic, and epigenetic variables. The potential of nutrigenomics in individualized treatment techniques is highlighted by new research that implicates gene-diet interactions in modifying PCOS...

Published on: Fri, 23 Jan 2026 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Shalini Singh, Maneesha Rana, Satyendra Kumar Rajput, Rajesh Kumar Mishra, Shalini Mishra, Vedpriya Arya,

Methylation reader MBD2-mediated GPX4 transcriptional repression drives ovarian granulosa cell ferroptosis in PCOS

Arrested follicular development and anovulation are hallmarks of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), in which granulosa cell (GC) ferroptosis is emerging as a potential contributor. However, its precise role and regulation remain largely unknown. Here, we identify a methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 2 (MBD2)-driven ferroptotic program as a central pathogenic mechanism in PCOS. In a dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)-induced PCOS mouse model, GCs exhibited marked ferroptotic alterations and...

Published on: Fri, 23 Jan 2026 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Zhengquan Zhu, Yihan Wang, Xinye Yu, Tingyu Wang, Yin Li, Ruizhe Wang, Haiyun Chen, Binjia Ruan, Wangsen Cao, Gaojian Tao, Yong Wang, Daojuan Wang,

Evaluating the efficacy of aerobic exercise as therapy for depression and anxiety in women with PCOS: a systematic review

CONCLUSION: Findings should be interpreted cautiously due to limited report numbers, methodological concerns and heterogeneity in interventions and outcome measures. While this review aimed to assess all exercise modalities, only aerobic exercise interventions were identified. These interventions appear effective in reducing depression and anxiety symptoms in women with PCOS. Future research should include psychological outcomes and explore resistance or combined diet-exercise interventions.

Published on: Fri, 23 Jan 2026 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Lorna Evelyn Mansell, Caitlin Fox-Harding, Robert U Newton, Pedro Lopez da Cruz, Sara Bayes, Favil Singh,

Fear and Hope, The New Perspective of Iranian Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Qualitative Study

CONCLUSIONS: According to the findings, it is better to develop programs to improve the QOL and the treatment process of these patients in terms of spiritual, psychological, financial, and informational support, which can be implemented by health and medical personnel and managers of various categories of medical sciences, associations, and charities.

Published on: Fri, 23 Jan 2026 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Roya Nikbakht, Katayoun Alidousti, Zahra Salajegheh,

Cangfu Daotan decoction treats PCOS-IR through the IL6/JAK2/STAT3/FOXO4 signaling pathway

CONCLUSION: CDD may improve ovarian function and insulin resistance in PCOS-IR mice by modulating the IL6/JAK2/STAT3/FOXO4 signaling pathway.

Published on: Fri, 23 Jan 2026 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Wenhan Ju, Qianwen Zhang, Yue Wang, Keying Pan, Yuan Li, Shuai Zhao, Fang Lian,

Editorial: The role of vitamin D in metabolic and cardiovascular health, volume II

No abstract

Published on: Fri, 23 Jan 2026 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Ivana Šarac, Jasmina Debeljak Martačić, Kathryn Hart, Jelena Milešević,

Peripheral Indicators of Alzheimer's Disease Pathology in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Case-Control Study

CONCLUSIONS: PCOS is linked to peripheral markers of early Alzheimer's pathology, largely mediated by insulin resistance and inflammation. PCOS may provide a clinical context to explore metabolic-inflammatory contributors to early neurodegenerative changes.

Published on: Fri, 23 Jan 2026 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Bao Xing, Pang Xiaoqing, Zhang Yan,

Yangjing Zhongyu decoction ameliorates polycystic ovary syndrome via multi-organ ferroptosis inhibition: A mechanistic study

CONCLUSIONS: YZD ameliorates PCOS by inhibiting ferroptosis in multiple organs, primarily via GPX4 activation and iron homeostasis regulation, thus supporting its potential as a natural therapeutic for PCOS.

Published on: Thu, 22 Jan 2026 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Lingjing Lu, Xinyue Huang, Yu Zhou, Yun Zhao, Yongqing Zou, Wenen Huang, Hongxia Ma, Min Hu,

The preferred intervention characteristics and acceptability of intuitive eating as a lifestyle approach for polycystic ovary syndrome: A convergent mixed methods analysis

CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with PCOS prefer an individualized lifestyle approach. Intuitive eating may be an acceptable weight-neutral lifestyle intervention for PCOS. However, concerns over implementing intuitive eating should be considered in the design of an intervention. Future research should incorporate these findings when developing treatment approaches for PCOS.

Published on: Thu, 22 Jan 2026 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Shannon Herbert, Allison Squires, Carol Gilligan, Kathleen Woolf,