What is PCOS?

What is PCOS?

Despite what the name suggests, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome isn’t just about ovaries—or cysts, for that matter. In fact, many people diagnosed with PCOS don’t have any ovarian cysts at all. Confusing? You’re not alone. The name dates back to how the condition was first described, but science has come a long way since then. Today, we understand that PCOS is really a complex hormonal and metabolic condition that affects far more than reproductive health.

At its core, PCOS is about hormonal imbalance. When key hormones like insulin, androgens (like testosterone), and others are out of sync, they can create a domino effect throughout the body. This hormonal miscommunication can lead to irregular periods, acne, weight changes, hair loss or excess hair growth, difficulty with ovulation or fertility—and that’s just the shortlist. But here’s the thing: PCOS doesn’t follow a single pattern. Some women experience textbook symptoms. Others don’t fit the mold at all. That’s part of what makes PCOS so challenging—and why understanding your unique experience matters.

So, how can the PCOS Association help?

We’re here to offer more than definitions. We’re here to offer direction. Whether you’re newly diagnosed, still searching for answers, or years into your journey and feeling stuck, we’re committed to helping you make sense of PCOS—and make progress.

Here’s what you’ll find at PCOSA:

  • Reliable, science-backed information about what PCOS is (and isn’t)

  • 💬 Supportive communities of people who understand exactly what you’re going through

  • 🧬 Resources for navigating fertility, metabolic health, nutrition, and more

  • 🧠 Education for providers who want to better support their PCOS patients

  • 🙋‍♀️ Advocacy to make sure PCOS is recognized, researched, and respected

No fluff. No fad cures. Just real support, grounded in evidence and compassion.

At PCOSA, we believe every person with PCOS deserves to be informed, empowered, and heard. Wherever you are in your journey, we’re honored to walk with you.

pcos

pcos: Latest results from PubMed

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Revisited: Novel Insights and Updates

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting approximately 10% of middle-aged women worldwide. The main clinical features of PCOS include hirsutism, anovulation, irregular menstruation, and polycystic ovaries. However, the exact etiology and underlying mechanisms of PCOS remain incompletely understood. Increasing evidence suggests that a variety of factors-including environmental toxins, chronic low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress, and dysregulated insulin...

Published on: Tue, 16 Dec 2025 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Wenwen Zhao, Jiayi Zhou, Yanhua Song, Miao He, Xudong Zhu, Bianfang Yu, Wenxiao Gao,

Mechanism of core acupoints of acupuncture for polycystic ovary syndrome based on data mining and network acupuncture medicine

CONCLUSION: The core acupoint prescription for PCOS might exert therapeutic effects through multiple targets and pathways, providing a theoretical basis for mechanistic research on acupoint prescriptions.

Published on: Mon, 15 Dec 2025 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Xinye Gao, Qianhan Liu, Yifei Wang, Tingyuan Yang, Wenci Zhang, Can Liu, Shuxiu Zhu, Lei Zhang,

Relationship Between the Levels of 91 Circulating Inflammatory Proteins and Ovarian-Related Diseases: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory proteins play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of ovarian diseases, although the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between circulating markers of inflammation and ovarian diseases.

Published on: Mon, 15 Dec 2025 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Jiahui Qu, Liying Zhang,

Effect of oil drop urine test for polycystic ovary syndrome in Siddha medicine

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome is a heterogeneous disorder with multiple and unclear aetiology and a significant cause of menstrual irregularity, subfertility and infertility. The methodology of diagnosis in Siddha system is based on three humors, Body constituents and eight-fold examinations. Among these parameters, Neykkuri (oil drop test), sub test of Urine exmination, a widely used diagnostic and prognostic tool to assess the imbalance of the body's vital humors. This study aims to document the...

Published on: Mon, 15 Dec 2025 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Lavanya A, Rathinamala R, Vinodini R, Sathyarajeswaren P, Vinod N P,

Harnessing the power of midwifery: Transforming self-efficacy and health navigation among women with polycystic ovarian syndrome

The impact of a midwife-led intervention on self-efficacy and health information-seeking behavior (HISB) in women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is of interest. Sixty women were divided into an experimental and a control group, with the experimental group receiving a structured intervention over four weeks. Results showed significant improvements in self-efficacy and HISB in the experimental group, compared to no change in the control group. Thus, we show that midwife-led interventions...

Published on: Mon, 15 Dec 2025 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Jessy Raja, Sumathi Chandran, Shankar Shanmugam Rajendran, Vanitha Narayanasamy Naidu, Amudha Chinnappan, Azhgar Jan Thoulath Khan, Atchaya Rajagopal,

The Interplay of Age, Obesity Measures, and Micronutrient Deficiencies in PCOS-associated Metabolic Dysfunction Findings from a Retrospective Postobservational Cohort Study

CONCLUSION: Central obesity markers-particularly WC and BMI-are robust predictors of metabolic dysfunction in PCOS, offering greater prognostic value than micronutrient levels such as vitamin B12 or D3, which showed limited association with metabolic disturbances in this population. These findings highlight the primacy of early detection and intervention targeting adiposity and insulin resistance to reduce long-term cardiometabolic risk among women with PCOS. Integrated, multifactorial risk...

Published on: Sun, 14 Dec 2025 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Zubeda Tumbi, Mehzamah Tumbi, Vaibhavi Tailor, Gunjan Temkar,

Tubal patency testing in women with polycystic ovary syndrome - is it worth before ovarian induction: Cost-effectiveness analysis

CONCLUSION: A treatment model starting with OI before HyFoSY is cost-effective compared to the model with HyFoSY performed before OI. Tubal factor is present in 5% of woman with PCOS which is comparable to infertile women without ovulatory disorders.

Published on: Sat, 13 Dec 2025 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Magdalena Piróg, Bartosz Chrostowski, Robert Jach,

Systematic review of the literature: estimation of the most common gynecological disorders and associated factors among Kazakhstani adolescents

No abstract

Published on: Sat, 13 Dec 2025 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Saule Kurbaniyazova, Raushan Nurkhasimova, Ardak Ayazbekov, Saltanat Khudaibergenova, Saltanat Kulbayeva, Dinara Mirzakhmetova, Kenzhegul Ryskeldiyeva,

Cellular senescence and polycystic ovary syndrome: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies from a new perspective

CONCLUSIONS: There is a complex correlation mechanism between cellular senescence and PCOS. Studying these cellular senescence markers and mechanisms in PCOS could provide new insights into the pathogenesis, and lay the groundwork for in-depth study and potential application of anti-senescence therapies in treating PCOS.

Published on: Sat, 13 Dec 2025 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Xin Xin, Li Dong, Jiaxi Li, Jinfu Zhang, Haicui Wu,

Integrative multi-omics analysis of druggable genes for therapeutic target identification in polycystic ovary syndrome

CONCLUSIONS: Using a comprehensive bioinformatic framework, we prioritize CBLN3 as a novel protective target and NRBP1 as a risk-associated target with multi-omics validation, thus providing mechanistically informed candidates for the development of urgently needed PCOS therapeutics.

Published on: Sat, 13 Dec 2025 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Dan Xu, Dan Jia, Xiaohui Fang, Wansu Chen, Ying Liu, Qingxia Song, Xiudao Song,

Recommendations from the WHO guideline for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infertility

CONCLUSIONS: The World Health Organization (WHO) made 40 recommendations and six good practice statements for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of infertility. By centring equity, science, and the imperative to provide fertility care as part of universal health coverage, the guideline aims to support countries in delivering high-quality, equitable, and effective healthcare for all. Although the guideline is primarily intended for use by health care professionals, it is an important source...

Published on: Fri, 12 Dec 2025 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: World Health Organisation Guideline Development Group for Infertility, Gitau Mburu, Nancy Santesso, Romina Brignardello-Petersen, Richard Kennedy, Cynthia Farquhar, Jacky Boivin, Guido Pennings, Linda C Giudice, Robert W Rebar, Luca Gianaroli, Lan N Vuong, Sandro C Esteves, Christopher J De Jonge, Allan Pacey, Willem Ombelet, Tansu Kucuk, Barbara L Collura, Klaudija Kordic, Paula Amato, Thabo Matsaseng, James Kiarie,

Prenatal perfluorooctanoic sulfonate exposure is associated with polycystic ovary syndrome-like and related traits in female offspring mice

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), is the most common female endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age. Its prevalence is estimated to be up to 13% worldwide. This heterogeneous clinical condition is characterized by marked clinical and/or biochemical hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and frequent development of polycystic ovaries. Several studies have focused on the relationship between endocrine-disrupting pollutants and PCOS development. Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) is...

Published on: Fri, 12 Dec 2025 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: C Urrutia-Lopez, L González-Carranza, A Barajas-Salinas, E Bonilla, J J Rodriguez-Mercado, A Aviles, E Langley, J P Reyes-Grajeda, F Casillas, A Lopez, E Casas, M Betancourt, M C González-Torres, I Bahena-Ocampo,

The impact of nutrition, exercise, and pharmacotherapy on menstrual health in adolescents with overweight and obesity

CONCLUSIONS: While underweight status and malnutrition are important underpinnings of functional hypothalamic amenorrhea, the rising prevalence of overweight and obesity poses a growing risk to menstrual health in adolescents. Early, comprehensive, and personalized strategies that integrate nutrition, physical activity, psychological support, and, when appropriate, insulin sensitizers and other pharmacotherapies can help protect and enhance reproductive endocrine function, preserve fertility,...

Published on: Fri, 12 Dec 2025 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Julius Wu, Elka Jacobson-Dickman,

The interplay between migraine, endometriosis and polycystic ovarian syndrome: A systematic review

BackgroundMigraine and gynecological conditions, such as endometriosis (EDM) and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), are highly prevalent among females and appear to influence each other, with a potential shared pathophysiological mechanism. Therefore, this study aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the current evidence regarding the relationship between migraine and EDM/PCOS from a clinical perspective.MethodsA systematic review was conducted using four databases (MEDLINE(Pubmed), EMBASE...

Published on: Fri, 12 Dec 2025 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Laura Gómez-Dabó, Teresa Jordà-Baleri, Helena Losa-Puig, Edoardo Caronna, Patricia Pozo-Rosich,