What is PCOS?

What is PCOS?

Despite what the name suggests, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome isn’t just about ovaries—or cysts, for that matter. In fact, many people diagnosed with PCOS don’t have any ovarian cysts at all. Confusing? You’re not alone. The name dates back to how the condition was first described, but science has come a long way since then. Today, we understand that PCOS is really a complex hormonal and metabolic condition that affects far more than reproductive health.

At its core, PCOS is about hormonal imbalance. When key hormones like insulin, androgens (like testosterone), and others are out of sync, they can create a domino effect throughout the body. This hormonal miscommunication can lead to irregular periods, acne, weight changes, hair loss or excess hair growth, difficulty with ovulation or fertility—and that’s just the shortlist. But here’s the thing: PCOS doesn’t follow a single pattern. Some women experience textbook symptoms. Others don’t fit the mold at all. That’s part of what makes PCOS so challenging—and why understanding your unique experience matters.

So, how can the PCOS Association help?

We’re here to offer more than definitions. We’re here to offer direction. Whether you’re newly diagnosed, still searching for answers, or years into your journey and feeling stuck, we’re committed to helping you make sense of PCOS—and make progress.

Here’s what you’ll find at PCOSA:

  • Reliable, science-backed information about what PCOS is (and isn’t)

  • 💬 Supportive communities of people who understand exactly what you’re going through

  • 🧬 Resources for navigating fertility, metabolic health, nutrition, and more

  • 🧠 Education for providers who want to better support their PCOS patients

  • 🙋‍♀️ Advocacy to make sure PCOS is recognized, researched, and respected

No fluff. No fad cures. Just real support, grounded in evidence and compassion.

At PCOSA, we believe every person with PCOS deserves to be informed, empowered, and heard. Wherever you are in your journey, we’re honored to walk with you.

pcos

pcos: Latest results from PubMed

Exploring the Feature Prioritization and Data Sampling of PCOS Diagnosis via Densely connected Attention based Squeeze Deep Learning Detection Model

Accurate and timely diagnosis remains a challenge due to the complexity of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) symptoms and data imbalance issues in the existing datasets. This research aims to develop a robust PCOS detection model that addresses these challenges by introducing a novel hybrid methodology with effective feature prioritization while handling data balancing issues. The research involves three major phases: pre-processing, feature selection, and PCOS detection. In the pre-processing...

Published on: Fri, 02 Jan 2026 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Siji Jose Pulluparambil, B Subrahmanya Bhat,

Vitexin Reduced the Dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-Induced Fibrosis in KGN Cells by Regulating the NR4A1/NLRP3 Pathway

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine and metabolic disorder in women of reproductive age, markedly impairing their health and reducing overall quality of life. Vitexin is a natural flavonoid compound that has demonstrated diverse pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vitexin on dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-induced fibrosis in KGN cells, as well as its regulatory role in the...

Published on: Fri, 02 Jan 2026 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Jie-Jing Xu, Chuan-Zhi Yan, Zhi-Qiang Liu, Hao-Ran Sun, Ming-Yu Zhang, Qiu-Ping Huang, Chen-Xi Tong, Cheng-Xue Pan, Jia-Le Song, Yan-Yuan Zhou,

In Response to: YOLOv11 Model for PCOS Diagnosis: A Significant Contribution with Clinical Insights

No abstract

Published on: Fri, 02 Jan 2026 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Baihua Zhao,

YOLOv11 Model for PCOS Diagnosis: A Significant Contribution with Clinical Insights

No abstract

Published on: Fri, 02 Jan 2026 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Gianluca Mondillo,

Elevated serum chromogranin A levels are independently associated with metabolic and inflammatory disturbances in polycystic ovary syndrome

INTRODUCTION: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial endocrine disorder characterized by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovarian morphology, frequently accompanied by insulin resistance, inflammation, and other metabolic disturbances. Chromogranin A (CgA), a glycoprotein secreted by neuroendocrine cells, has been linked to metabolic regulation and inflammatory processes, but its role in PCOS remains unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate serum CgA levels...

Published on: Fri, 02 Jan 2026 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Pınar Alarslan, Mehmet Doruk,

Research progress of gut microbiota and its metabolites in polycystic ovary syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) ranks among the most widespread endocrine and metabolic conditions affecting women of childbearing age, but its specific pathogenesis remains unknown. More and more evidence indicates that PCOS may be a complex polymorphic disease, influenced by epigenetic and environmental factors, including diet and lifestyle. This review focuses on the role of the gut microbiota and its metabolites in PCOS, a topic that has gained significant attention recently due to the...

Published on: Fri, 02 Jan 2026 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Shiyi Qin, Shimeng Guo, Xinmiao Tan, Ke Li, Jiayu Huang,

Development and validation of an explainable machine learning and nomogram model for early detection and risk stratification of polycystic ovary syndrome: a multicenter study

CONCLUSIONS: This interpretable "XGBoost + SHAP" and nomogram framework provides an accurate, transparent, and practical tool for early PCOS screening and individualized management.

Published on: Fri, 02 Jan 2026 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Bihua Yao, Xingyu Yu, Yunyan Zhang, Jiayan Chen, Xiaotong Zhu, Cheng Zhang, Tong Jijun,

Identification of the Shared Gene Signatures and Pathways Between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Endometrial Cancer Using Bioinformatics and Mendelian Randomization Analyses

CONCLUSION: This study, for the first time, systematically investigated the potential association between PCOS and EC through an integrative approach combining bioinformatics analysis and MR analysis. Type I interferon signaling pathway played key regulatory effect in PCOS and EC. Eight genes, such as MMP9, PECAM1 and CYBB, may be key markers linking PCOS and EC.

Published on: Fri, 02 Jan 2026 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Dan Ye, Yi Yu, Chengjie Xu, Zhongpeng Fu, Fangfang Zhong, Haoran Shen,

Adipose-androgen crosstalk in polycystic ovary syndrome: mechanisms and therapeutic implications

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine-metabolic disorder in reproductive-age women, characterized by hyperandrogenism (HA) and insulin resistance (IR). Despite its high prevalence, the underlying pathophysiology remains incompletely understood. In recent years, bidirectional interactions between androgens and adipose tissue (AT) have been recognized as a key driver of the vicious cycle in PCOS. This review systematically examines this core interaction mechanism: on one...

Published on: Thu, 01 Jan 2026 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Muchu Ni, Hongyan Lei, Tao Ye, Yongzhou Wang,

From Ovarian to Endocrine-Metabolic Roots: Aligning PCOS Nomenclature with Pathophysiology

No abstract

Published on: Thu, 01 Jan 2026 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Vittorio Unfer,

Hormones, heat, and health: a comprehensive review of sex-based differences in brown and beige fat biology

This review takes a close look at the biology of brown and beige fat, not just as thermogenic tissues, but as active metabolic organs influenced by sex, hormones, age, and even environment. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) and beige adipocytes differ in their origins, gene expression, and regulation. These differences are especially relevant when considering how they behave in males and females. Across both animal and human studies, females show higher BAT volume and more efficient thermogenic...

Published on: Wed, 31 Dec 2025 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Chikkamagaluru Gopalakrishna Shashank, Raga Mandali, Umesh D Wankhade,

Polycystic ovary syndrome and psychological distress: Urban-rural comparison among reproductive-aged women in Bangladesh

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder of reproductive-aged women all over the world. Low- and middle-income countries, such as Bangladesh, often give inadequate attention to mental health issues. As a result, a growing number of women with PCOS are dealing with mental health issues, including an under diagnosis and under-treatment of psychological illnesses. The study assesses the prevalence and psychological impacts of PCOS among women in the reproductive age as well as...

Published on: Wed, 31 Dec 2025 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Anup Talukder, Tahmina Akter Tithi, Maruf Hasan Rumi, Abdul Muyeed,

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome-Associated Acne: The Interplay of Hyperandrogenism, Insulin Resistance, and Therapeutic Strategies

Acne vulgaris is one of the most prevalent dermatologic disorders in adolescent and adult women. Beyond classic pathogenic factors, such as sebaceous hypersecretion, follicular hyperkeratinization, Cutibacterium acnes overgrowth, and inflammation, endocrine drivers are pivotal. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is common across reproductive ages and frequently presents with dermatologic manifestations, notably acne, through mechanisms dominated by hyperandrogenism and compounded by insulin...

Published on: Wed, 31 Dec 2025 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Eftichia Damoulaki, Dimos Sioutis, Vaia Sarli, Eutychios Trakakis, George Mastorakos, Alexander Katoulis, Konstantinos Kastrinakis, Christos Koratzanis, Nikolaos Machairiotis, Periklis Panagopoulos, Chrysi Christodoulaki,

Developing public health policy for addressing PCOS is hampered by the paucity of high-quality epidemiologic studies

No abstract

Published on: Wed, 31 Dec 2025 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Ricardo Azziz, May Rudd,

GnRHa Triggering Versus hCG Triggering in PCOS Patients Who Undergo Fresh or FET Cycles: Is the King Fake or Real?

Background and Objectives: To evaluate the impact of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) triggering compared to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) triggering on frozen-thawed and fresh embryo transfer outcomes in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed 267 IVF cycles of 261 PCOS patients treated with GnRH antagonist protocols. Patients were divided into three groups:...

Published on: Wed, 31 Dec 2025 06:00:00 -0500

Authors: Muserref Banu Yilmaz, Reyyan Gokcen Iscan, Sevdenur Banu Yigit, Esra Tustas Haberal, Belgin Devranoglu, Ayse Nur Aksoy, Ali Irfan Guzel, Pinar Kumru,